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References

Please note that information obtained from pharmaceutical companies does not constitute a recommendation by that company that the drug is suitable for administration via an enteral feeding tube or to patients with swallowing difficulties. Such use is usually outside the drug licence, and most information is anecdotal.

1.      Chadwick C. Pharmaceutical problems for the nutrition team pharmacist. Hospital Pharmacist 1996; 3: 139-146.

2.      Varella L, Jones E, Meguid MM. Drug-Nutrient Interactions in Enteral Feeding: A primary Care Focus. The Nurse Practitioner 1997; 22 (6): 98-104.

3.      Oxford Textbook of Medicine.pp1321. Third Edition. Edited by Weatherall, DJ. Oxford University Press, 1996.

4.      Beckwith M. A guide to drug therapy in patients with enteral feeding tubes: Dosage form selection and administration methods. Hospital Pharmacy 1997; 32: 57-64.

5.      Cutie A. Compatibility of enteral products with commonly employed drug additives. Parental Enteral Nutrition 1983; 7: 186-91.

6.      Adams D. Administration of drugs through a jejunostomy tube. British Journal Intensive Care 1994; 4: 10-7.

7.      Mistry B. Simplifying oral drug therapy for patients with swallowing difficulties. Pharmaceutical Journal 1995; 254: 808-9.

8.      Martin T. Tablet dispersion as an alternative to formulation of oral liquid dosage form. Aust. J. Hospital Pharmacy 1993; 23: 378-86.

9.      Reynolds JEF, editor. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 31st Edition London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.

10.     Clark-Schmidt AL, Garnett WR, Karnes HT. Loss of carbamazepine suspension through nasogastric feeding tubes. Am..J.Hosp.Pharm. 1990; 47: 2034-7.

11.     Stockley IH. Drug Interactions. Fourth Edition. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.

12.     D’arcy P F. Drug interactions with medical plastics. ADR toxicol. review 1996; 15: 207-19.

13.     Pharmacy Information Sheet. Jul. 1997. Ciprofloxacin.

14.     Hillcross: data on file (communication with Brenda Murphy).

15.     Micromedex Healthcare Series, volume 104.

16.     Ziagen® 20mg/mL Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. GSK, 17th Jan. 2007.

17.     Janssen: Data on file (communication with Brenda Murphy).

18.     American Hospital Formulary Service. 1997.

19.     Flagyl® Summary of Product Characteristics, 96/97. Hawgreen Ltd.

20.     Liefold J. Administration of controlled–release morphine sulphate during artificial feeding. Z. Allg. Med. 1996; 76: 707-9.

21.     Battino D, et al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of anti-epileptic drugs in paediatric patients. CPK 1995; 29: 341-69.

22.     Dickerson R, Melnik G. Osmolality of oral drug solutions and suspensions. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1998 (1988); 45: 832-4.

23.     Miller SW, Strom JG. Stability of Phenytoin in three enteral nutrient formulas. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1988; 45: 2529-32.

24.     Archer A. Guideline for nurses on drug administration through enteral feeding tubes Pharmacy Own Magazine 1996; 10: 2-3.

25.     Holtz L. Compatibility of medications with enteral feeds. J. Par. Ent. Nutrition 1987; 11: 183-6.

26.     Estoup M. Approaches and limitations of medication delivery in patients with enteral feeding tubes. Critical Care Nurse 1994; 14: 68-81.

27.     Glucobay® Summary of Product Characteristics. Bayer HealthCare, Oct. 2006.

28.     Halpern NA. Segmental intestinal absorption of ranitidine: investigate and therapeutic implications. Am. J. Gastroenterology 1990; 85: 539-43.

29.     Gramatté T, El Desoky E, Klotz U. Site-dependent small intestinal absorption of ranitidine. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1994; 46: 253-9.

30.     Zantac® Summary of Product Characteristics, 96/97. GlaxoWellcome UK.

31.     Williams MF, et al. Influence of gastrointestinal anatomic site of drug delivery on the absorption characteristics of ranitidine. Pharmacotherapy, 1989; 9: 184.

32.     Tomlin M, Dixon S. Aluminium and naosgastric feeds. (Letter) Pharmaceutical Journal 1995; 256: 40.

33.     Mason P. Diet and drug interactions. Pharmaceutical Journal 1996; 255: 94-5.

34.     Watson AJM, Pegg M, Green JRB. Enteral feeds may antagonise warfarin. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed 1984; 288: 557.

35.     BNF No. 42 (Sept. 2001). London: British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2001.

36.     Ciproxin® Summary of Product Characteristics, 1999/2000. Bayer plc.

37.     Personal communication, Medical information, Pfizer Limited, 10th Aug. 2001.

38.     Nova laboratories Keltrol compatability bulletin.

39.     Dispersal of non-soluble tabs in water (in-house work, Wrexham Maelor Hospital).

40.     Tube Feeding Drug Administration Guide, Forest Healthcare, Whipps Cross Hospital, Leytonstone, London.

41.     Derriford Hospital Pharmacy enteral feeding guide.

42.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Sanofi-Synthelabo, 6th Sept. 2001.

43.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Bayer, 16th Aug. 2001.

44.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Boehringer Ingelheim, 14th Aug. 2001.

45.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Servier, 6th Sept. 2001.

46.     Personal communication, Medical Information, AstraZeneca, 14th Aug. 2001.

47.     Printed information from Link Pharmaceuticals on Zomorph capsules.

48.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Lilly, 16th Aug. 2001.

49.     Personal communication, Medical Information, DuPont, 14th Aug. 2001.

50.     Fosamax® Summary of Product Characteristics. MSD, Aug. 1997.

51.     Arthrotec® Summary of Product Characteristics. Searle, Jun. 1997.

52.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Roche, 6th Sept. 2001.

53.     Personal communication, Medical Information, AstraZeneca, 23rd Jul. 2001.

54.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Pharmacia, 6th Sept. 2001.

55.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Pantheon, 16th Aug. 2001.

56.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Abbott Laboratories, 13th Aug. 2001.

57.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Pharmacia, 12th Dec 2001.

58.     Personal communication, Medical Information, AstraZeneca, 13th Aug. 2001.

59.     Personal communication, Medical Informaton, Schering Health, 6th Sept. 2001.

60.     Plendil® Summary of Product Characteristics. AstraZeneca, 1999/2000.

61.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Fournier, 13th Aug. 2001.

62.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Aventis Pharma, 14th Aug. 2001.

63.     Personal communication, Medical Information, MSD, 6th Sept. 2001.

64.     Proscar® Summary of Product Characteristics. MSD, Oct. 1998.

65.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Novartis, 6th Sept. 2001.

66.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Pharmacia, 19th Sept. 2001 (letter).

67.     Personal communication, Medical Information, GlaxoSmithkline, 10th Oct. 2001.

68.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 14th Aug. 2001.

69.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Napp, 13th Aug. 2001.

70.     Tavanic® Summary of Product Characteristics. Aventis Pharma, Sept. 1998.

71.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Pharmacia, 16th Nov. 2001.

72.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Organon, 6th Sept. 2001.

73.     Singulair® Summary of Product Characteristics. MSD, Jan. 1998.

74.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Solvay Healthcare, 9th Aug. 2001.

75.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Lilly, 16th Aug. 2001.

76.     Coversyl® Summary of Product Characteristics. Servier, Mar. 1997.

77.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 6th Sept. 2001.

78.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Merck, 16th Aug. 2001, communication with Sioned Rowlands.

79.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Aventis Pharma, 23rd Jul. 2001.

80.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Procter and Gamble Pharm., 16th Aug. 2001.

81.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Smithkline Beecham, 3rd Aug. 2001.

82.     Flomax® Summary of Product Characteristics. Yamanouchi, Jul. 1998.

83.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Pharmacia, 10th Oct. 2001.

84.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Aventis Pharma, 25th Oct. 2001.

85.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Novartis, 29th Jun. 2001.

86.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Wyeth, 6th Sept. 2001.

87.     Engle K, Hannawa TE, Techniques for administering oral medications to critical care patients receiving continuous enteral nutrition. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1999; 56:1441-4.

88.     Tenormin® Syrup Summary of Product Characteristics. Zeneca Pharma, Feb. 1998.

89.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Celltech, 10th Oct. 2001.

90.     Thomson FC, Naysmith MR, Lindsay A. Managing drug therapy in patients receiving enteral and parenteral nutrition. Hospital Pharmacist 2000; 7:155-64.

91.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Merck, 10th Jul. 2002.

92.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Aventis Pharma, 11th Jul. 2002.

93.     BNF No. 43 (Mar. 2002). London: British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2002.

94.     Queen Victoria Hospital's Drug Adminstration via Enteral Feeding Tubes guide, Mar. 2001.

95.     Thomson F. A to Z guide to administration of drugs via nasogastric/PEG tube. Southern General Hospital, Victoria Infirmary, South Glasgow University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Strathclyde/GGHB Pharmacy Practice Unit, Western General Hospital, Lothian University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Strathclyde/Lothian Pharmacy Practice Unit. Jun. 2001.

96.     Product Information, Catapres® Transdermal Plasters, Boehringer Ingelheim.

97.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Borg Medicare, 27th Sept. 2002.

98.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Waymed Healthcare, 27th Sept. 2002.

99.     Personal communication, Medical Information, Celltech, 27th Sept. 2002.

100.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Boehringer Ingelheim, 27th Sept. 2002.

101.    Topamax® Summary of Product Characteristics. Janssen-Cilag, 17th Feb. 1999.

102.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Link Pharmaceuticals, 28th Feb. 2003.

103.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Roche Consumer Health, 28th Feb. 2003.

104.    Guidelines for the administration of Drugs through Enteral Feeding Tubes. County Durham and Darlington Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. 2nd edition. Jul. 2003.

105.    Drugs via Enteral Feeding Tubes Guide (draft copy), Stockport NHS Trust, received Sept. 2003.

106.    BNF No. 45 (Mar. 2003). London: British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2003.

107.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Aventis Pharma, 24th Dec 2003.

108.    Personal communication, Medical Information, UCB Pharma, 12th Feb. 2004.

109.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Goldshield, 15th Jan. 2004.

110.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Boehringer Ingelheim, 15th Jan. 2004.

111.    Prograf® Summary of Product Characteristics. Fujisawa Ltd, Jun. 2002.

112.    Administering Drugs via Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Practical Guide. Poster produced by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and The British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group, Jul. 2004.

113.    Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Guide for General Practitioners and Community Pharmacists. Leaflet produced by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and The British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group, Jul. 2004.

114.    Tube Feeding and Your Medicines: A Guide for Patients and Carers. Leaflet produced by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and The British Pharmaceutical Nutrition Group, Jul. 2004.

115.    Griffith R. Tablet Crushing and the Law. Pharmaceutical Journal 2003; 271: 90-1.

116.    Wright D. Swallowing Difficulties Protocol: Achieving best practice in Medication Administration. 2002.

117.    Carrington C, McKay J. Administering Drugs via Enteral Feeding Tubes. Pharmacy Department, Queensland, Australia. Nov. 2000.

118.    MDA/2004/026 – Enteral feeding tubes (nasogastric). Safety alert produced by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, 14th Jun. 2004.

119.    Anderson R. Personal correspondance, 10th May 2004.

120.    Reducing the harm caused by misplaced nasogastric feeding tubes. National Patient Safety Agency, 21st Feb. 2005.

121.    Bird K. Is levothyroxine suspension effective? [letter] Pharmaceutical Journal 2004; 273: 680.

122.    Perrin JH. Do not suspend levothyroxine. [letter] Pharmaceutical Journal 2004; 273: 748.

123.    Cipramil® Summary of Product Characteristics. Lundbeck Limited, 25th Sept. 2003.

124.    Personal communication, Medical Information, MSD. 8th Jun. 2005.

125.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Pfizer. 13th Jun. 2005.

126.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Roche. 16th Aug. 2005.

127.    CellCept® Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics. Roche Products Limited, Apr. 2005.

128.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Leo Laboratories Limited. 16th Aug. 2005.

129.    Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Specials List. Jul. 2004.

130.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Boehringer Ingelheim, 19th Aug. 2005.

131.    Medical Information, Roche, via Katy Hand, St. Helier Hospital, Surrey, 26th Aug. 2005.

132.    Guide to administration of medicines to patients with swallowing difficulties or feeding tubes (NG/PEG). Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Nov. 2004.

133.    Sinden E. Drug Administration Guidelines. Poole Hospital NHS Trust Pharmacy Department, Jul. 2002.

134.    Communication from AstraZeneca Medical Information to Julie Davis, University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, 3rd Jul. 2003.

135.    Martin S, Davidson R, Holland D. Medication and Enteral Feeding. Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Feb. 2004.

136.    BNF No. 49 (Mar. 2005). London: British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2005.

137.    Appendix 10. Palliativedrugs.com, 2002.

138.    Reeves VJ. The Administration of medication via a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Pharmacy Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospitals Services NHS Trust. Mar. 2002.

139.    Burnett L. Personal communication, 6th Sept. 2005.

140.    Working party for drug administration. Drug Administration via enteral tubes. University Hospital of North Staffordshire. Draft One, Oct. 2003.

141.    Temgesic® Summary of Product Characteristics. Schering-Plough Ltd, Apr. 2004.

142.    Information from Colin Ranshaw, Principal Pharmacist, Quality Assurance and Control, Cardiff.

143.    Information from Mark Craig, Senior Clinical Pharmacist, Mayday University Hospital.

144.    Information from Rachel Harries, Nevill Hall Hospital, Abergavenny, 4th Feb. 2005.

145.    Information from Christopher Livsey, Clinical Pharmacist, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, 26th Apr. 2005.

146.    Letter on file. Napp Pharmaceuticals.

147.    Information on file, Wrexham Maelor Hospital Pharmacy Department.

148.    Letter from Medical Information, AstraZeneca, 12th Apr. 2000.

149.    Communication with Elayne Harris, Area Pharmacy Specialist (Palliative Care), Glasgow, 4th Feb. 2005.

150.    Communication with Christopher Livsey, Clinical Pharmacist, Royal Lancaster Infirmary.

151.    Communication with Jennifer Smith, Medicines Information Manager, North Staffordshire University Hospitals.

152.    Medicines for Children, 2003. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group.

153.    Losec MUPS® Patient Information Leaflet. AstraZeneca, Mar. 2005.

154.    In house data, Jul.-Aug. 2005.

155.    Fair R, Proctor B. Administering Medicines Through Enteral Feeding Tubes. The Royal Hospitals, Belfast. 2nd edition.

156.    Nexium® Summary of Product Characteristics. AstraZeneca UK Limited, Oct. 2004.

157.    Furazolidone Drug Evaluation. Micromedex Healthcare Series, Volume 126, 2005.

158.    Adams D. Administration of drugs through a jejunostomy tube. British Journal of Intensive Care 1994: 10-7.

159.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Roche, 11th Oct. 2005.

160.    BNF for children, 2005. London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, RCPCH Publications Ltd, 2005.

161.    Personal communication, Medical Information, MSD, 25th Nov. 2005.

162.    Acitretin Safety Data Sheet. Roche, 2nd Sept. 2003.

163.    Vancocin® CP Injection Summary of Product Characteristics. Flynn Pharma Ltd, 17th Aug. 2001.

164.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Link Pharmaceuticals, 4th Jan. 2006.

165.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Amdipharm, 4th Jan. 2006.

166.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Procter and Gamble, 4th Jan. 2006.

167.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Wockhardt UK, 4th Jan. 2006.

168.    Personal communication, Medical Information, 3M Healthcare, 4th Jan. 2006.

169.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Shire, 4th Jan. 2006.

170.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Boehringer Ingelheim, 4th Jan. 2006.

171.    Personal communication, Medical Information, GlaxoSmithkline, 4th Jan. 2006.

172.    Cyclophosphamide monograph. Lexi-Drugs. On-palm database, Lexi-Comp, 2005.

173.    Procainamide monograph. Lexi-Drugs. On-palm databse, Lexi-Comp, 2005.

174.    Metoprolol monograph. Lexi-Drugs. On-palm databse, Lexi-Comp, 2005.

175.    Personal communication, Medical Information, AstraZeneca, 5th Jan. 2006.

176.    McEvoy GK (editor). AHFS Drug Information, 2001. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Bethesda, MD, 2001.

177.    Nasogastric Administration of Omeprazole. Pharmacy Drug Advisory Newsletter, Oct. 1994; 10 (2). Women’s and Children’s Hospital.

178.    Recommendations for administration of omeprazole via NG tube. Alder Hey Drug Information Advisory Line (DIAL), communication with Suzanne Cotter, 23rd Dec 1997.

179.    Kaper R. Zispin SolTab (letter). Organon Laboratories Ltd, Apr. 2004.

180.    Lanoxin (letter), reference TARHE/200697/2452/hc. Communication from GlaxoWellcome UK Ltd Medical Information to L Bellis, 20th Jun. 1997.

181.    Rilutek, reference Q000696. Communication from Aventis Medical Information, 11th Jan. 2000.

182.    Newton DW, Rogers AG, Becker CH, Toroslan G. Extemporaneous preparation of methyldopa in two syrup vehicles. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm 1975; 32: 817-21.

183.    Sharma VK, Ugheoke AE, Vasudeva R, Howden CW. Lansoprazole effectively suppresses intragastric acidity when administered via gastrostomy as intact granules in orange juice. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: 4 (2) A283.

184.    Chun AHC, Shi HH, Achari MSR, Dennis S, Cavanaugh JH. Lansoprazole: Administration of the Contents of a Capsule Dosage Formulation Through a Nasogastric Tube. Clinical Therapeutics 1996; 18 (5): 833-42.

185.    McAndrews KL, Eastham JH. Omeprazole and lansoprazole suspensions for nasogastric administration. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 1999; 56: 81.

186.    Peckman HJ. Alternative method for administering proton pump inhibitors through nasogastric tubes. Am J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 1999, 56: 1020.

187.    Zoton, reference AP/000225/3234 10G (letter). Communication from Wyeth Medical Information to Elaine Sturman, 29th Feb. 2000.

188.    Neoral, reference DR/010810/23921 (letter). Communication from Novartis Medical Information to Jen Smyth, 10th Aug. 2001.

189.    Jamieson NV. De novo use of Neoral in liver transplant recipients. In: Neoral: the new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine, Cedar Knolls (NJ): World Medical Press, (Special Report), May 1995; 34-9.

190.    van Mourik IDM, et al. Efficacy of Neoral in the immediate postoperative period in children post-liver transplantation. Liver Transplant Surg. 1998; 4: 491-8.

191.    Fish DN, Abraham E. Pharmacokinetics of a Clarithromycin Suspension Administered via Nasogastric Tube to Seriously Ill Patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1999; 43 (5): 1277-80.

192.    van der Bemt PMLA, et al. Quality improvement of oral medication administration in patients with enteral feeding tubes. Qual. Saf. Health Care 2006; 15: 44-7.

193.    Healy DP. Ciprofloxacin absorption is impaired in patients given enteral feedings orally and via gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy 1996; 40 (1): 6-10.

194.    Mueller BA. Effect of enteral feeding with Ensure on oral bioavailabilities of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1994; 38 (9): 2101-5.

195.    Wright DH. Decreased in vitro fluoroquinolone concentrations after admixture with an enteral feeding formulation. JPEN 2000; 24 (1): 42-8.

196.    Bauer LA. Interference of oral phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric feedings. Neurology 1982; 32 (5): 570-2.

197.    Reid J. Marciniuk D, Peloquin CA, Hoeppner V. Pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis medications delivered via percutaneous gastrojejunostomy tube. Chest 2002; 121: 281-4.

198.    Mimoz O, et al. Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of ciprofloxacin administered through a nasogastric tube with continuous enteral feeding to critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine 1998; 24: 1047-51.

199.    Garcia-Luna PP, et al. Esophageal obstruction by solidification of the enteral feed: a complication to be prevented. Intensive Care Medicine 1997; 23: 790-2.

200.    Rosemurgy AS, et al. Bioavailability of fluconazole in surgical intensive care unit patients: a study comparing routes of administration. J Trauma 1995; 39 (3): 445-7.

201.    Buijk SLC, et al. Pharmacokinetics of sequential intravenous and enteral fluconazole in critically ill surgical patients with invasive mycoses and compromised gastro-intestinal function. Intensive Care Medicine 2001; 27: 115-21.

202.    Phillips JO, Metzler MH, Olsen K. The stability of simplified lansoprazole suspension. Gastroenterology 1999; 116 (4 part 2): A89.

203.    Detinger P, Swenson CF, Anaizi NH. Stability of pantoprazole in an extemporaneously compounded oral liquid. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 2002; 59: 953-6.

204.    White CM, et al. Delivery of esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated pellets through small caliber and standard nasogastric tubes and gastrostomy tubes in vitro. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 2002; 59: 2085-8.

205.    Swenson CF. Importance of Following Instructions when Compounding. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1993; 50 (2): 261.

206.    Allen LV, Erickson III MA. Stability of labetalol hydrochloride, metoprolol tartrate, verapamil hydrochloride, and spironolactone with hydrochlorothiazide in extemporaneously compounded oral liquids. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 1996; 53: 2304-9.

207.    Omeprazole Drug Evaluation. Micromedex Healthcare Series [cited 4th Jul. 2006].

208.    Alexander KS, Pudipeddi M, Parker GA. Stability of procainamide hydrochloride syrups compounded from capsules. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1993; 50: 693-8.

209.    Metras JI, Swenson CF, McDermott MP. Stability of procainamide hydrochloride in an extemporaneously compounded oral liquid. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1992; 49: 1720-4.

210.    Zoton, reference Zoton*\1-6185948 (letter). Communication from Wyeth Medical Information to Jen Smyth, 12th Sept. 2005.

211.    Hsyu PH, et al. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of an ondansetron solution (8mg) when administered intravenously, orally, to the colon, and to the rectum. Pharmaceutical Research 1994; 11 (1): 156-9 (abstract).

212.    Seifert CF, Johnston BA. A nationwide survey of long-term care facilities to determine the characteristics of medication administration through enteral feeding catheters. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2005; 20 (3): 354-62 (abstract).

213.    Church C, Smith J. How stable are medicines moved from original packs into compliance aids? Pharmaceutical Journal 2006; 276: 75-81.

214.    Belknap DC. Administration of medications through enteral feeding catheters. Am. J. Crit. Care 1997; 6: 382-92.

215.    Quercia RA. Stability of omeprazole in an extemporaneously prepared oral liquid. AJHP 1997; 54: 1833-6.

216.    Anderson W. Esophageal medication bezoar in a patient receiving enteral feedings and sucralfate. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1989: 205-6.

217.    Sharma VK. Simplified lansoprazole suspension – a liquid formulation of lansoprazole effectively suppresses intragastric acidity when administered through a gastrostomy. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94(7): 1813-7.

218.    Balaban DH. Nasogastric omeprazole: effects on gastric pH in critically ill patients. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 1997, 92 (1), 79-83.

219.    Phillips JO. A randomised , pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, cross-over study of duodenal or jejunal administration compared to nasogastric administration of omprazole suspension in patients at risk for stress ulcers. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2001, 96: 367-72.

220.    Song JS. Pharmacokinetic comparison of omeprazole capsules and a simplified omeprazole suspension. AJHP, 2001, 58: 689-94.

221.    Ferron G. Oral bioavailability of pantoprazole suspended in sodium bicarbonate solution. AJHP, 2003, 60, 1324-9.

222.    Burns PE, Physical compataibility of enteral formulas with various common medications, J Am Dietetic Assoc, 1998, 88: 1094-6.

223.    Nicolau D, Bioavailability of fluconazole administered via a feeding tube in intensive care unit patients, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1995, 36:395-401.

224.    Udeani GO, Compatability of oral morphine sulphate solution with enteral feeding products. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 1994, 28: 451-5.

225.    Gilbar PJ, A guide to enteral drug administration in palliative care, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 1999, 17 (3): 197-207.

226.    BNF No. 52 (Sept. 2006). London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, RPS Publishing, 2006.

227.    Ehrenpreis E, et al. Malabsorption of digoxin tablets, gel caps, and elixir in a patient with an end jejunostomy. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 1994, 28:1239-40.

228.    Davis G, et al. Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in trauma patients with postpyloric feeding tubes. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2001, 35: 1492-4.

229.    Crowther RS. In vitro stability of ranitidine hydrochloride in enteral nutrient formulas, The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 1995, 29: 859-62.

230.    Cousins DH, Upton DR (editors). Inappropriate syringe use leads to fatalities. Pharmacy in Practice, 1998, (May): 209-10.

231.    Naysmith MR, Nicholson J. Nasogastric drug administration. Professional Nurse, 1998, 13 (7): 424-427.

232.    Woolfrey S, Geddes A, Hussain A, Cox J. Nutrition: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy. Pharmaceutical Journal, 1996; 257: 181-4.

233.    Creamer M, Wood S. Artificial feeding: The delivery routes for artificial feeding. Hospital Pharmacist, 1996; 3: 133-5.

234.    Monk JS. Products for enteral nutrition. Hospital Pharmacist, 1996; 3: 136-8.

235.    Neoral® Soft Gelatin Capsules, Neoral® Oral Solution. Summary of Product Characteristics. Novartis. 18th Dec 2004.

236.    Personal communication, Medical Information, AstraZeneca, 12th Sept. 2006.

237.    Acetylcysteine drug evaluation. Micromedex Healthcare Series [cited 25th Apr. 2007].

238.    Zovirax® 400mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. GlaxoSmithKline, 9th Jan. 2007.

239.    Zovirax® Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics. GlaxoSmithKline, 29th Nov. 2004.

240.    Zovirax® Double-Strength Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics. GlaxoSmithKline, 29th Nov. 2004.

241.    Agenerase® 15mg/mL Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. GlaxoSmithKline, 28th Feb. 2007.

242.    Martin JE, Lutomski DM. Warfarin resistance and enteral feedings. JPEN, 1989; 13 (2): 206-8.

243.    Fleisher D, Sheth N, Kou JH. Phenytoin interaction with enteral feedings administered through nasogastric tubes. JPEN, 1990; 14 (5): 513-6.

244.    Randall C, Tett S, Lauchlan R. Effect of enteral feeds on anticonvulsant concentrations. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1991. Suppl. 18: 50.

245.    Guenter P, Jones S, Ericson M. Enteral nutrition therapy. Nursing Clinics of North America, 1997. 32; 4: 651-68.

246.    Bobo Tanner S, Taylor HM. Feeding tube administration of bisphosphonates for treating osteoporosis in institutionalised patients with developmental disabilities. Bone 2004; 34 (Suppl. 1): S97-8.

247.    Cacek AT, DeVito JM, Koonce JR. In vitro evaluation of nasogastric administration methods for phenytoin. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1986; 43: 689-92.

248.    Rajagopalan P, et al. Enteral fluconazole population pharmacokinetics in patients in the surgical intensive care unit. Pharmacotherapy, 2003; 23(5): 592-602.

249.    Gora ML, Tschampel MM, Visconti JA. Considerations of drug therapy in patients receiving enteral nutrition. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 1989; 4: 105-10.

250.    Doak KK. Bioavailability of phenytoin acid and phenytoin sodium with enteral feedings. Pharmacotherapy, 1998; 18(3): 637-45.

251.    Griffith R, Hebdon R. Liquid medicines can be the key that enables patients with swallowing difficulties to take their medicines. Pharmacy in Practice, 2007; 17(4): 135-9.

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673.    Xarelto® 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Bayer Pharma AG, Dec 2014.

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686.    New Product Update email from Rosemont Pharmaceuticals, 21st Oct. 2015.

687.    Personal communication, Medical Information, Janssen-Cilag Limited, 11th Sept. 2015.

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698.    In-house data, Jan. 2016.

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701.    Ramipril Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4th Nov. 2015.

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714.    Lansoprazole 30mg gastro-resistant capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf, 27th Nov. 2015.

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716.    Personal communication, Medicines Information, Lupin (Europe), 31st Mar. 2016.

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720.    Tramadol 100mg/ml oral drops Summary of Product Characteristics, Mercury Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 11th Nov. 2015.

721.    Videx® 25mg chewable/dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals Limited, Apr. 2016.

722.    Tramadol 100mg/ml oral drops, solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Mercury Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 11th Nov. 2015.

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729.    Email discussion, NEWT Advisory Board, 23rd Jan. 2017.

730.    Gabapentin Oral Solution Patient Information Leaflet, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Aug. 2016.

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732.    Eltroxin® 50micrograms per 5mL Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Mercury Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4th May 2012.

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734.    Amlodipine 2mg/mL Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 27th Feb. 2017.

735.    Licensed Product List, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, May 2017.

736.    Specials Product List, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, May 2017.

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738.    Clonazepam Rosemont 2mg/5mL Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 28th Apr. 2016.

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740.    Adoport® 0.75mg Capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Ltd, 27th Mar. 2017.

741.    Adoport® 1mg Capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Ltd, 27th Mar. 2017.

742.    Adoport® 2mg Capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Ltd, 27th Mar. 2017.

743.    Adoport® 5mg Capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Ltd, 27th Mar. 2017.

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745.    Carbomix® (activated charcoal) 50g Summary of Product Characteristics, Beacon Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 18th Jan. 2010.

746.    Desitrend® 1000mg Summary of Product Characteristics, Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH, Dec 2016.

747.    Desitrend® 250mg Summary of Product Characteristics, Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH, Dec 2016.

748.    Desitrend® 500mg Summary of Product Characteristics, Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH, Dec 2016.

749.    Duodopa® intestinal gel Summary of Product Characteristics, AbbVie Ltd, 12th May 2016.

750.    Eliquis® 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer EEIG, Feb. 2017.

751.    Emozul® 20mg gastro-resistant capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Consilient Health Ltd, 14th Oct. 2013.

752.    Emozul® 40mg gastro-resistant capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Consilient Health Ltd, 14th Oct. 2013.

753.    Esomeprazole 20mg Gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Ranbaxy (UK) Ltd, Feb. 2017.

754.    Esomeprazole 20mg Gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf, 24th Apr. 2017.

755.    Sinemet® Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited, Jan. 2015.

756.    Madopar® 100mg/25mg Dispersible Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Roche Products Limited, 10th Mar. 2016.

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761.    Mason P. Food-drug interactions: (2) Nutritional supplements and drugs. Pharmaceutical Journal 2002; 269: 609-11.

762.    Shenton DC. Food and drugs: Amiodarone and grapefruit interaction (letter). Pharmaceutical Journal 2003, www.pharmaceutical-journal.com [cited May 2017].

763.    Stalevo® 100mg/25mg/200mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Orion Corporation, 22nd Jan. 2015.

764.    Esomeprazole 40mg gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Ranbaxy (UK) Ltd, Feb. 2017.

765.    Esomeprazole 40mg gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf, 4th Dec 2016.

766.    GIOTRIF® film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Feb. 2017.

767.    IRESSA® 250mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, AstraZeneca AB, 29th Mar. 2017.

768.    Lansoprazole 15mg gastro-resistant capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics (UK) Limited t/a Mylan, Aug. 2016.

769.    Lansoprazole 15mg orodispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics (UK) Limited t/a Mylan, Oct. 2016.

770.    Lansoprazole 15mg orodispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Ranbaxy (UK) Limited, 14th Feb. 2017.

771.    Lansoprazole 30mg gastro-resistant capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics (UK) Limited t/a Mylan, Aug. 2016.

772.    Lansoprazole 30mg orodispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics (UK) Limited t/a Mylan, Oct. 2016.

773.    Lansoprazole 30mg orodispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Ranbaxy (UK) Limited, 14th Feb. 2017.

774.    Levothyroxine 100micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 21st Nov. 2016.

775.    Levothyroxine 25micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 22nd Nov. 2016.

776.    Levothyroxine 50micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 21st Nov. 2016.

777.    Tertroxin® Tablets 20mcg Summary of Product Characteristics, Mercury Pharma Group Ltd, 31st Mar. 2016.

778.    Liothyronine Sodium 20 micrograms Tablets Patient Information Leaflet, Mercury Pharma Group Ltd, May 2012.

779.    Magnaspartate 243mg powder for oral solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Kora Corporation Ltd t/a Kora Healthcare, 7th Nov. 2014.

780.    Metformin Colonis 1000mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 17th Aug. 2016.

781.    Metformin Colonis 500mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 17th Aug. 2016.

782.    Metformin Colonis 850mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 17th Aug. 2016.

783.    Mezzopram® 10mg Dispersible Gastro-resistant Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Limited, 25th Apr. 2017.

784.    Mezzopram® 20mg Dispersible Gastro-resistant Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Limited, 25th Apr. 2017.

785.    Mezzopram® 40mg Dispersible Gastro-resistant Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Limited, 25th Apr. 2017.

786.    Moventig® 12.5mg / 25mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Kyowa Kirin Limited, 30th Sept. 2016.

787.    Nexium® 20mg gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, AstraZeneca UK Limited, 12th Jan. 2017.

788.    Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions: Analysis and Management. Extract provided by John Yorke, Principal Pharmacist Medicines Information, Calderdale Royal Hospital, 13th Jun. 2017.

789.    Gabapentin Rosemont 50mg/ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 2nd Dec 2016.

790.    Pancrex® V Powder Summary of Product Characteristics, Essential Pharmaceuticals Limited, 27th Jan. 2017.

791.    Prograf® Capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Astellas Pharma Ltd, 25th Jun. 2015.

792.    Vancocin® powder for solution for infusion and oral solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Flynn Pharma Ltd, 15th Mar. 2016.

793.    Zoton FasTab® 30mg oro-dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Pfizer Limited, May 2017.

794.    Nexium® 40mg gasto-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, AstraZeneca UK Limited, 12th Jan. 2017.

795.    Procysbi® 25mg gastro-resistant hard capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Horizon Pharma Europe B.V., Dec 2016.

796.    Procysbi® 75mg gastro-resistant hard capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Horizon Pharma Europe B.V., Dec 2016.

797.    Ravicti® 1.1g/ml oral liquid Summary of Product Characteristics, Horizon Pharma Ireland Limited, 10th Mar. 2017.

798.    Sialanar® 320 micrograms/ml oral solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Proveca Limited, Mar. 2017.

799.    Vancomycin 1g Powder for Solution for Infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Wockhardt UK Limited, 24th Feb. 2017.

800.    Vancomycin 500mg Powder for Solution for Infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Wockhardt UK Limited, 24th Feb. 2017.

801.    Vancomycin Hydrochloride 500mg and 1g Powder for Concentrate for Infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Hospira UK Limited, Jun. 2015.

802.    Vancomycin 1000mg Powder for Concentrate for Solution for Infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf., 2nd Jul. 2013.

803.    Vancomycin 500mg Powder for Concentrate for Solution for Infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf., 2nd Jul. 2013.

804.    Ventra® 20mg gastro-resistant capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Ethypharm, 9th Mar. 2017.

805.    Ventra® 40mg gastro-resistant capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics, Ethypharm, 9th Mar. 2017.

806.    Zoton FasTab® 15mg oro-dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Pfizer Limited, May 2017.

807.    Desitrend: Use in feeding tubes, Jan. 2017. Information from Desitin Pharma Ltd.

808.    BNF No. 72 (Sept. 2016 – Mar. 2017). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2016.

809.    BNF No. 70 (Sept. 2015 – Mar. 2016). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2015.

810.    BNF No. 68 (Sept. 2014 – Mar. 2015). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2014.

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812.    Brilique® 90mg orodispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, AstraZeneca AB, 18th May 2017.

813.    BNF No. 71 (Mar. 2016 – Sept. 2016). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2016.

814.    BNF No. 73 (Mar. 2017 – Sept. 2017). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2017.

815.    BNF No. 74 (Sept. 2017 – Mar. 2018). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2017.

816.    Dexamethasone 10mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 9th Nov. 2017.

817.    Dexsol® 2mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceutical Ltd, 15th Dec 2017.

818.    Gabapentin Colonis 50mg/ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Ltd, 18th Jul. 2017.

819.    Simvastatin Rosemont 20mg/5ml Oral Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 25th May 2017.

820.    Simvastatin Rosemont 40mg/5ml Oral Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 25th May 2017.

821.    Vancomycin 1g powder for concentrate for solution for infusion vials Summary of Product Characteristics, Quimedical – Produtos Farmaceuticos, Lda, 11th Apr. 2016.

822.    Vancomycin 500mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion vials Summary of Product Characteristics, Quimedical – Produtos Farmaceuticos, Lda, 11th Apr. 2016.

823.    Esomeprazole 20mg Gastro-resistant Capsules, Hard, Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Mar. 2017.

824.    Esomeprazole 40mg Gastro-resistant Capsules, Hard, Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Mar. 2017.

825.    Zoton FasTab® Patient Information Leaflet, Pfizer Limited, Dec 2017.

826.    Esomeprazole 20mg Gastro-resistant capsules, hard, Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf, 15th Jul. 2015.

827.    Esomeprazole 40mg Gastro-resistant capsules, hard, Summary of Product Characteristics, Actavis Group PTC ehf, 15th Jul. 2015.

828.    Nexium 10mg gastro-resistant granules for oral suspension, sachet, Summary of Product Characteristics, AstraZeneca UK Limited, 29th May 2017.

829.    Nexium Control 20mg gastro-resistant hard capsules, Summary of Product Characteristics, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Ltd, 26th Aug. 2013.

830.    Nexium Control 20mg gastro-resistant tablets, Summary of Product Characteristics, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Ltd, 1st Nov. 2017.

831.    EXJADE® 360mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Novartis Europharm Limited, 10th Nov. 2017.

832.    Personal communication, Medicines Information, Sanofi, 2nd May 2018.

833.    BNF No. 75 (Mar. 2018 – Sept. 2018). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2018.

834.    Tertroxin tablets 20mcg Summary of Product Characteristics, Mercury Pharma Group Ltd, 3rd May 2018.

835.    Personal email communication to Christine Thompson, Pharmacist, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, from Senior Medical Information Scientist, Merck Serono Limited, 15th Aug. 2017.

836.    Rohracher A et al. Perampanel in patients with refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in a neurological intensive care unit. Epilepsy and Behaviour, 2015; 49: 354-8.

837.    Risperidone 1mg/ml oral solution Patient Information Leaflet. Milpharm Limited, Ruislip, Mar. 2018.

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839.    BNF No. 76 (Sept. 2018 – Mar. 2019). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2018.

840.    Alkindi® capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Diurnal Europe B.V., Feb. 2019.

841.    Capexion® 0.5mg capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Jan. 2016.

842.    Capexion® 1mg capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Jan. 2016.

843.    Capexion® 5mg capsules Summary of Product Characteristics, Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Jan. 2016.

844.    Captopril 25mg/5ml Sugar Free Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Syri Limited t/a Thame Laboratories, 8th Nov. 2017.

845.    Captopril 5mg/5ml Sugar Free Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Syri Limited t/a Thame Laboratories, 8th Nov. 2017.

846.    Esomeprazole 20mg and 40mg gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Cipla (EU) Limited, 27th Sept. 2018.

847.    Glycopyrronium Bromide 1mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 21st Mar. 2019.

848.    Trazodone 100mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Creo Pharma Ltd, 15th Dec 2017.

849.    Trazodone hydrochloride 50mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Mercury Pharmaceuticals, 29th Apr. 2019.

850.    Trazodone Hydrochloride 50mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Focus Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 18th Dec 2018.

851.    Vancomycin 1000mg, Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Laboratόrios Azevedos Indύstria Farmacȇutica S.A., 20th Sept. 2018.

852.    Vancomycin 500mg, Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion Summary of Product Characteristics, Quimedical – Produtos Farmacȇuticos, Lda, 11th Apr. 2016.

853.    Email communication with Ban Eshqi, Scientific Affairs Pharmacist, Essential Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 6th Jun. 2019.

854.    Pivmecillinam 200mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Milpharm Limited, 30th Jul. 2018.

855.    Anastrozole monograph. British Pharmacopoeia Online, www.pharmacopoeia.com [cited 13th Nov. 2019].

856.    British Pharmacopoeia 2017. MHRA, London, 2016.

857.    Anastrozole. Brayfield A, Cadart C (eds), Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. [online] London: Pharmaceutical Press http://www.medicinescomplete.com/ [cited 13th Nov. 2019].

858.    BNF No. 78 (Sept. 2019 – Mar. 2020). London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, 2019.

859.    Inovelon® 40mg/ml oral suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Eisai GmbH, Jul. 2019.

860.    TEGLUTIK® 5mg/ml oral suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Italfarmaco S.A., 19th Nov. 2019.

861.    Azithromycin 250mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Limited, 8th Aug. 2020.

862.    Omeprazole 2mg/ml, Powder for Oral Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Xeolas Pharmaceuticals Limited, 1st Oct. 2019.

863.    Omeprazole 4mg/ml, Powder for Oral Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Xeolas Pharmaceuticals Limited, 1st Oct. 2019.

864.    Nortriptyline Colonis 10mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 4th Jun. 2019.

865.    Nortriptyline Colonis 25mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Colonis Pharma Limited, 4th Jun. 2019.

866.    Mycophenolic acid 360mg gastro-resistant tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Accord Healthcare Limited, 25th Feb. 2019.

867.    VITRAKVI® 20mg/ml oral solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Bayer AG, Aug. 2020.

868.    Desizon® 20mg/ml oral suspension Summary of Product Characteristics, Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH, 9th Mar. 2020.

869.    Gefitinib 250mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Cipla (EU) Limited, 20th Mar. 2019.

870.    Gefitinib 250mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Genus Pharmaceutical Ltd, 16th Oct. 2018.

871.    Carglumic acid 200mg dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Waymade Plc, 14th Jan. 2019.

872.    Kigabeq® 100mg soluble tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, ORPHELIA Pharma SAS, Aug. 2020.

873.    Kigabeq® 500mg soluble tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, ORPHELIA Pharma SAS, Aug. 2020.

874.    Fintepla® 2.2mg/ml oral solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Zogenix ROI Limited, 18th Dec 2020.

875.    Gefitinib Glenmark 250mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Europe Limited, 5th Sept. 2018.

876.    Gefitinib Mylan 250mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Mylan S.A.S., 27th Sept. 2018.

877.    Gefitinib Sandoz 250mg Film-coated Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Sandoz Limited, 4th Jan. 2021.

878.    Levothyroxine 125 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Creo Pharma Limited, 26th Feb. 2020.

879.    Lixiana® 15mg Film-Coated Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, 26th Nov. 2020.

880.    Lixiana® 30mg Film-Coated Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, 26th Nov. 2020.

881.    Mimpara® 1mg granules in capsules for opening Summary of Product Characteristics, Amgen Europe B.V., Jan. 2020.

882.    Levothyroxine 100 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Creo Pharma Limited, 26th Feb. 2020.

883.    Velphoro® 125mg oral powder in sachet Summary of Product Characteristics, Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma France, Nov. 2020.

884.    Levothyroxine 25 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Creo Pharma Limited, 26th Feb. 2020.

885.    Levothyroxine 50 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics, Creo Pharma Limited, 26th Feb. 2020.

886.    Lixiana® 60mg Film-Coated Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, 26th Nov. 2020.

887.    Mimpara® 2.5mg granules in capsules for opening Summary of Product Characteristics, Amgen Europe B.V., Jan. 2020.

888.    Mimpara® 5mg granules in capsules for opening Summary of Product Characteristics, Amgen Europe B.V., Jan. 2020.

889.    Ucedane® 200mg dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics, Eurocept International BV, 23rd Jun. 2017.

890.    Personal experience, Luke Dowdeswell, Specialist Clinical Pharmacist, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, 11th Feb. 2021.

891.    Fosfomycin monograph. Don’t Rush to Crush, 2nd edition, Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia, Mar. 2016.

892.    Personal communication from North Middlesex University Hospital Trust, 1st Mar. 2021.

893.    Personal communication from Preeti Kaur, Prescribing Technician, The Florence Road Surgery, Ealing, London, 18th Feb. 2021.

894.    Personal communication from Steve Keeling, Pharmacist, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, 28th Oct. 2019.

895.    Personal communication from Primary Care Pharmacist, The Royal Woverhampton NHS Trust, 8th Nov. 2017.

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1038.  Esomeprazole 40mg gastro-resistant capsules, hard Summary of Product Characteristics. Ethypharm, 11th Jan. 2023.

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1049.  Levothyroxine 50 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 12th May 2023.

1050.  Levothyroxine 100 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 12th May 2023.

1051.  Levothyroxine 125 micrograms/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 12th May 2023.

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1059.  Rivaroxaban 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Teva UK Limited, 17th Nov. 2023.

1060.  Rivaroxaban 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, 19th Jan. 2024.

1061.  Rivaroxaban 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Celix Pharma Ltd, 14th May 2024.

1062.  Rivaroxaban 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (UK) Ltd, 18th Sept. 2023.

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1064.  Rivaroxaban Sandoz 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Sandoz Limited, 12th Feb. 2024.

1065.  Xanriva® 2.5mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 11th Dec. 2023.

1066.  Rivaroxaban 10mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Genus Pharmaceuticals Ltd t/a ‘STADA’, 28th Dec. 2023.

1067.  Rivaroxaban 10mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Amarox Limited, 19th Mar. 2024.

1068.  Rivaroxaban 10mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Teva UK Limited, 17th Nov. 2023.

1069.  Rivaroxaban 10mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, 19th Jan. 2024.

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1071.  Rivaroxaban 10mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (UK) Ltd, 18th Sept. 2023.

1072.  Rivaroxaban Sandoz 10mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Sandoz Limited, 21st Mar. 2024.

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1076.  Rivaroxaban 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Amarox Limited, 19th Mar. 2024.

1077.  Rivaroxaban 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Teva UK Limited, 17th Nov. 2023.

1078.  Rivaroxaban 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, 19th Jan. 2024.

1079.  Rivaroxaban 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Celix Pharma Ltd, 14th May 2024.

1080.  Rivaroxaban 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (UK) Ltd, 18th Sept. 2023.

1081.  Rivaroxaban Sandoz 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Sandoz Limited, 21st Mar. 2024.

1082.  Rivaroxaban 15mg Film-Coated Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Wockhardt UK Ltd, 26th Oct. 2023.

1083.  Xanriva® 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 11th Dec. 2023.

1084.  Rivaroxaban 15mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Europe Limited, 30th Apr. 2024.

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1086.  Rivaroxaban 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Amarox Limited, 19th Mar. 2024.

1087.  Rivaroxaban 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Teva UK Limited, 17th Nov. 2023.

1088.  Rivaroxaban 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, 19th Jan. 2024.

1089.  Rivaroxaban 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Celix Pharma Ltd, 14th May 2024.

1090.  Rivaroxaban 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (UK) Ltd, 18th Sept. 2023.

1091.  Rivaroxaban Sandoz 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Sandoz Limited, 21st Mar. 2024.

1092.  Rivaroxaban 20mg Film-Coated Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Wockhardt UK Ltd, 26th Oct. 2023.

1093.  Xanriva® 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 11th Dec. 2023.

1094.  Rivaroxaban 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Europe Limited, 30th Apr. 2024.

1095.  Xarelto® 1mg/ml granules for oral suspension Summary of Product Characteristics. Bayer plc, 28th Jul. 2023.

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1101.  Sitagliptin 100mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Syri Limited, 20th May 2024.

1102.  Spexotras® 0.05mg/ml powder for oral solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, 18th Jun. 2024.

1103.  Tagamet® Syrup Summary of Product Characteristics. Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 23rd Feb. 2022.

1104.  Tepmetko® 225mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Merck Serono Ltd, 30th Apr. 2024.

1105.  Trazodone Hydrochloride 100mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Zentiva Pharma UK Limited, 31st Jul. 2021.

1106.  Vancomycin 1000mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion Summary of Product Characteristics. Hameln pharma ltd, 30th May 2024.

1107.  Vancomycin 500mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion Summary of Product Characteristics. Hameln pharma ltd, 30th May 2024.

1108.  Veltassa® (Patiromer) 1g powder for oral suspension Summary of Product Characteristics. Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma France, 7th Jun. 2024.

1109.  Veltassa® (Patiromer) 8.4g powder for oral suspension Summary of Product Characteristics. Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma France, 12th Jun. 2024.

1110.  Venlafaxine 37.5mg/5ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 18th Mar. 2024.

1111.  Bauters T, Buyle F, Schelstraete P, Dhooge C. Administration of ciprofloxacin through a nasogastric tube in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplantation patients. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 2023; 29 (2): 413-5.

1112.  Blaszczyk A, Brandt N, Ashley J, Tuders N, Doles H, Stefanacci R. Crushed tablet administration for patients with dysphagia and enteral feeding: Challenges and considerations. Drugs & Aging 2023; 40: 895-907.

1113.  Medicines, Ethics and Practice, Edition 45. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London, 2022.

1114.  Non-medical prescribing. BNF [Internet]. London: BMJ and Pharmaceutical Press [cited 6th Sept. 2024]. Available from: https://bnf.nice.org.uk.

1115.  Liothyronine sodium 20 micrograms powder for solution for injection Summary of Product Characteristics. Mercury Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 7th Nov. 2023.

1116.  Liothyronine Sodium BP 20micrograms Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Mercury Pharma Group Ltd, 8th Dec. 2022.

1117.  Liothyronine sodium 10 micrograms Hard Capsules Summary of Product Characteristics. ROMA Pharmaceuticals Limited, 18th Jun. 2023.

1118.  Liothyronine Sodium 10 microgram Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Morningside Healthcare Limited, 11th Mar. 2024.

1119.  Liothyronine sodium 20 micrograms Hard Capsules Summary of Product Characteristics. ROMA Pharmaceuticals Limited, 18th Jun. 2023.

1120.  Liothyronine sodium 5 micrograms Hard Capsules Summary of Product Characteristics. ROMA Pharmaceuticals Limited, 18th Jun. 2023.

1121.  Lecigon® 20 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml + 20 mg/ml intestinal gel Summary of Product Characteristics. LobSor Pharmaceuticals AB, 10th Oct. 2023.

1122.  Preston CL (ed), Stockley’s Drug Interactions. [online] London: Pharmaceutical Press http://www.medicinescomplete.com/ [cited 23rd Jul. 2024].

1123.  Acarbose 50mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Europe Limited, 14th Dec. 2018.

1124.  Acarbose 100mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Europe Limited, 14th Dec. 2018.

1125.  Preston CL (ed), Stockley’s Drug Interactions. [online] London: Pharmaceutical Press http://www.medicinescomplete.com/ [cited 10th Sept. 2024].

1126.  Gabay M (ed), AHFS Drug Information. [online] London: Pharmaceutical Press http://www.medicinescomplete.com/ [cited 10th Sept. 2024].

1127.  Covert administration of medicines: legal issues. Specialist Pharmacy Service, www.sps.nhs.uk/articles, 17th Apr. 2024.

1128.  Covert administration of medicines. Last updated 3rd Nov. 2022. Care Quality Commission, www.cqc.org.uk [cited 22nd Oct. 2024].

1129.  Overview: Consent to treatment. www.nhs.uk/ [cited 22nd Oct. 2024].

1130.  Acitretin. BNF [Internet]. London: BMJ and Pharmaceutical Press [cited 28th Oct. 2024]. Available from: https://bnf.nice.org.uk.

1131.  Sertraline for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression. Medicines for Children [Internet]. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, WellChild and Cheltenham: Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group [cited 30th Sept. 2024]. Available from: https://www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk.

1132.  Sertraline. Paediatric formulary [Internet]. London: Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust [cited 30th Sept. 2024]. Available from: https://www.evelinalondon.nhs.uk/our-services/hospital/formulary.aspx.

1133.  Personal communication, Medical Information, Neon Healthcare, 29th Oct. 2024.

1134.  Fosfomycin 40mg/ml Powder for Solution for Infusion Summary of Product Characteristics. InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, 15th Feb. 2016.

1135.  Pyridostigmine Bromide 12mg/ml Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Horizon Pharmaceuticals Limited, 18th Feb. 2022.

1136.  Eslicarbazepine Amarox 200mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Amarox Limted, 25th Apr. 2023.

1137.  Eslicarbazepine Amarox 800mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Amarox Limted, 25th Apr. 2023.

1138.  Zebinix® 200mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Bial Pharma UK Ltd, 21st Apr. 2023.

1139.  Zebinix® 800mg tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Bial Pharma UK Ltd, 21st Apr. 2023.

1140.  Reindel K, Zhao F, Hughes S, Dave VS. In Vitro Evaluation of Eslicarbazepine Delivery via Enteral Feeding Tubes. Hospital Pharmacy 2017; 52 (11): 752-60.

1141.  Zhao F, Dave VS, Mar MZ, Perri JR. Formulation and Stability Study of Eslicarbazepine Acetate Oral Suspension for Extemporaeous Compounding. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding 2018; 22 (5): 433-9.

1142.  Triumeq® 5mg/60mg/30mg dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. ViiV Healthcare UK Limited, 19th Jan. 2024.

1143.  Abacavir. Evelina Paediatric Formulary, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, 13th Jun. 2023.

1144.  Tseng A, Foisy M, Hughes C. Oral Antiretroviral/HCV DAA Administration: Information on crushing and liquid drug formulations. https://hivclinic.ca, Jul. 2024.

1145.  Acitretin (Neotigason®) 10mg capsules Summary of Product Characteristics. Teva UK Limited, 23rd Jan. 2024.

1146.  Chrdle A, Jerhotova Z, Vacik M, Linka M, Chmelik V. Crushed dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine given via nasogastric tube in gastric outlet obstruction caused by cancer resulted in rapid viral load suppression. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2019; 30: 94-8.

1147.  Blackman AL, Heil EL, Devanathan AS, Pandit NS. The effect of veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation and nasogastric tube administration on the pharmacokinetic profile of abacavir, lamivudine and dolutegravir: a case report. Antiviral Therapy, 2020; 25: 115-9.

1148.  Acenocoumarol. In: Merative Micromedex Drug Interaction Checking (electronic version). Merative, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Available at: https://www.micromedexsolutions.com/ [cited 2nd Sept. 2024].

1149.  Acenocoumarol. Preston CL (ed), Stockley’s Drug Interactions. [online] London: Pharmaceutical Press http://www.medicinescomplete.com/ [cited 21st Oct. 2024].

1150.  Acamprosate. BNF [Internet]. London: BMJ and Pharmaceutical Press [cited 14th Nov. 2024]. Available from: https://bnf.nice.org.uk.

1151.  Acamprosate 333mg Gastro-resistant Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Jun. 2020.

1152.  Acebutolol 400mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Milpharm Limited, 11th Jan. 2024.

1153.  Personal communication, Medical Information, Merck Serono Limited, 14th Nov. 2024.

1154.  Tafinlar® 75mg hard capsules Summary of Product Characteristics. Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, 30th Oct. 2024.

1155.  Finlee 10mg dispersible tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Novatis Pharmaceuticals UK Limted, 18th Jun. 2024.

1156.  Morris S, Salm V, Salm A. Harm to a child caused by the off-label use of prochlorperazine maleate tablets due to discontinuation of licensed prochlorperazine mesilate liquid in the UK. Eur J Hosp Pharm Epub ahead of print, 14th Jun. 2024. Doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003791.

1157.  Sertraline 100mg/5ml Concentrate for Oral Solution Summary of Product Characteristics. Syri Limited, 23rd Sept. 2022.

1158.  Muramatsu RS, Litzinger MHJ, Fisher E, Takeshita J. Alternative formulations, delivery methods, and administration options for psychotropic medications in elderly patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy, 2010; 8 (2): 98-114.

1159.  Cohen J, Lee C, Markham R, et. al. Medication use process and assessment of extemporaneous compounding and alternative routes of administration of oral oncology drugs: Guidance for clinical and oncology pharmacists. Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 2022; 5: 1176-228.

1160.  Chaurasia M, Singh R, Sur S, Flora SJS. A review of FDA approved drugs and their formulations for the treatment of breast cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2023; 14: 1184472.

1161.  Giotrif® 20mg film-coated tablets Summary of Product Characteristics. Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Jan. 2022.

1162.  Enalapril. BNF [Internet]. London: BMJ and Pharmaceutical Press [cited 18th Oct. 2024]. Available from: https://bnf.nice.org.uk.

1163.  Enalapril for high blood pressure. Medicines for Children [Internet]. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, WellChild and Cheltenham: Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group [cited 18th Oct. 2024]. Available from: https://www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk.

1164.  Enalapril maleate. Paediatric formulary [Internet]. London: Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust [cited 18th Oct. 2024]. Available from: https://www.evelinalondon.nhs.uk/our-services/hospital/formulary.aspx.
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